Application-layer rules in Azure Firewall can ONLY filter web traffic by URL name by looking into the application layer’s HTML header, and for encrypted traffic by doing a reverse name lookup. With the introduction of Azure Firewall, Microsoft appeared to monetize on NSGs, but added only a small bit of new functionality - for example, rudimentary application-layer rules and Network Address Translation (NAT). They also miss application identification and decoding. They have become much less effective, as virtually everything on the Internet uses port 80 (HTTP) and 443 (HTTPS) today. Packet filters, regardless of whether they’re stateful or stateless, have no visibility into the actual data stream that is transported over the network. The Azure Firewall itself is primarily a stateful packet filter. NSGs offer similar features to firewalls of the late 90s, sufficient for basic packet filtering. Unlike old style access lists, NSGs are stateful filters: for convenience, rules only have to be written in the client-to-server direction. NSGs serve the same purpose as access lists on routers and switches, but they directly pre-empt critical resources. NSGs are often auto-generated when deploying a new compute resource. Microsoft Azure Firewallīefore Azure Firewall, there were Azure Network Security Groups (NSG). To help shed some light, we’ve put together a short guide on which product is best in which situation, and why you’d pick one over the other. If you’re curious about the differences between the two, you’re not alone. This is truer today than ever, with cybersecurity companies now developing firewalls for the cloud - for example, the Microsoft Azure Firewall and the SonicWall NSv. The firewall market has always been full of options, with a number of vendors each offering a variety of models.
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